命名空间

内部模块（Internal modules）叫命名空间（namespaces），外部模块（External modules）叫模块（modules）

实例

假如我们有个ts文件

interface StringValidator {
  isAcceptable(s: string): boolean;
}
let lettersRegexp = /^[A-Za-z]+$/;
let numberRegexp = /^[0-9]+$/;
class LettersOnlyValidator implements StringValidator {
  isAcceptable(s: string) {
    return lettersRegexp.test(s);
  }
}
class ZipCodeValidator implements StringValidator {
  isAcceptable(s: string) {
    return s.length === 5 && numberRegexp.test(s);
  }
}
// Some samples to try
let strings = ["Hello", "98052", "101"];
// Validators to use
let validators: { [s: string]: StringValidator } = {};
validators["ZIP code"] = new ZipCodeValidator();
validators["Letters only"] = new LettersOnlyValidator();
// Show whether each string passed each validator
for (let s of strings) {
  for (let name in validators) {
    let isMatch = validators[name].isAcceptable(s);
    console.log(`'${s}' ${isMatch ? "matches" : "does not match"} '${name}'.`);
  }
}

随着代码的增多，我们希望有某种组织方案，以便我们可以跟踪我们的类型，而不必担心与其他对象的名称冲突。 不要将大量不同的名称放入全局名称空间，而是将对象包装到名称空间中。

我们将所有与验证器相关的实体移动到名为Validation的命名空间中。

因为我们希望此处的接口和类在名称空间之外可见，我们以export开头

namespace Validation {
  export interface StringValidator {
    isAcceptable(s: string): boolean;
  }
  const lettersRegexp = /^[A-Za-z]+$/;
  const numberRegexp = /^[0-9]+$/;
  export class LettersOnlyValidator implements StringValidator {
    isAcceptable(s: string) {
      return lettersRegexp.test(s);
    }
  }
  export class ZipCodeValidator implements StringValidator {
    isAcceptable(s: string) {
      return s.length === 5 && numberRegexp.test(s);
    }
  }
}
// Some samples to try
let strings = ["Hello", "98052", "101"];
// Validators to use
let validators: { [s: string]: Validation.StringValidator } = {};
validators["ZIP code"] = new Validation.ZipCodeValidator();
validators["Letters only"] = new Validation.LettersOnlyValidator();
// Show whether each string passed each validator
for (let s of strings) {
  for (let name in validators) {
    console.log(
      `"${s}" - ${
        validators[name].isAcceptable(s) ? "matches" : "does not match"
      } ${name}`
    );
  }
}

跨文件分割

多文件名称空间

Validation.ts

namespace Validation {
  export interface StringValidator {
    isAcceptable(s: string): boolean;
  }
}

LettersOnlyValidator.ts

/// <reference path="Validation.ts" />
namespace Validation {
  const lettersRegexp = /^[A-Za-z]+$/;
  export class LettersOnlyValidator implements StringValidator {
    isAcceptable(s: string) {
      return lettersRegexp.test(s);
    }
  }
}

ZipCodeValidator.ts

/// <reference path="Validation.ts" />
namespace Validation {
  const numberRegexp = /^[0-9]+$/;
  export class ZipCodeValidator implements StringValidator {
    isAcceptable(s: string) {
      return s.length === 5 && numberRegexp.test(s);
    }
  }
}

Test.ts

/// <reference path="Validation.ts" />
/// <reference path="LettersOnlyValidator.ts" />
/// <reference path="ZipCodeValidator.ts" />
// Some samples to try
let strings = ["Hello", "98052", "101"];
// Validators to use
let validators: { [s: string]: Validation.StringValidator } = {};
validators["ZIP code"] = new Validation.ZipCodeValidator();
validators["Letters only"] = new Validation.LettersOnlyValidator();
// Show whether each string passed each validator
for (let s of strings) {
  for (let name in validators) {
    console.log(
      `"${s}" - ${
        validators[name].isAcceptable(s) ? "matches" : "does not match"
      } ${name}`
    );
  }
}

命名空间别名

namespace Shapes {
  export namespace Polygons {
    export class Triangle {}
    export class Square {}
  }
}
import polygons = Shapes.Polygons;
let sq = new polygons.Square(); // Same as 'new Shapes.Polygons.Square()'

环境命名空间

D3.d.ts (simplified excerpt)

declare namespace D3 {
  export interface Selectors {
    select: {
      (selector: string): Selection;
      (element: EventTarget): Selection;
    };
  }
  export interface Event {
    x: number;
    y: number;
  }
  export interface Base extends Selectors {
    event: Event;
  }
}
declare var d3: D3.Base;